However, AP advises against the latter formulation. They are still used in a variety of contexts but should be avoided. AA is unaffiliated with any outside organizations or institutions and does not endorse, finance or oppose any causes. Do not refer to an unsuccessful suicide attempt. Refer instead to an attempted suicide.. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders debuted the new term childhood-onset fluency disorder to refer to stuttering, along with a few new criteria for its diagnosis. Although many in the general public associate disability with people using wheelchairs or white canes or who are missing limbs, more people have conditions that cant be seen but are defined as disabilities under the 1990 Americans with Disabilities Act. Access the Spanish language translation of this guide here. There is some ambiguity about the difference between stuttering and stammering and which term is appropriate in different contexts. The institute states, It is common for people to have mixed dementia a combination of two or more types of dementia. AP style: Avoid using committed suicide except in direct quotations from authorities. Those with dysarthria often slur or drag their words when they try to pronounce them. If thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. AA members do not pay dues or fees; rather, it is supported through contributions. If they meet this definition, animals are considered service animals under the ADA, regardless of whether they have been licensed or certified. AP style: Not addressed except to state that homebound and housebound are one word with no hyphens. AP style: The stylebook states that its acceptable to use the word autism as an umbrella term for a group of developmental disorders. It also says it is acceptable to use the word autism in stories. WebBackground: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. Some members of the disability community oppose its use because it implies that all people with disabilities lack able bodies or the ability to use their bodies well. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Many people with intellectual disabilities and their advocates consider these terms to be dismissive or reductive of a persons abilities. The stylebook suggests using terms such as mentally disabled, intellectually disabled and developmentally disabled., See also Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, See entry on Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Background: The term was commonly used in the late 19th century to refer to people who had Down syndrome, due to the similarity of some of the physical characteristics of the disorder to Eastern Asian people, who were called Mongoloid, according to the Oxford English dictionary. When renowned scientist Stephen Hawking died in 2018, media accounts referred to him as finally free of the wheelchair he used for decades. The terms intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled, cognitive disability and intellectual disability are acceptable when used in a people-first context to describe someone with Down syndrome, such as the person has a developmental disability. However, it is more accurate to refer specifically to Down syndrome when that is the medically diagnosed condition. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having bipolar disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. In Franco-Provenal (the Romance speech of French Switzerland and adjacent areas of France), a person affected by hypothyroidism was called a cretin, literally, wretch, innocent victim, The word meant simply Christian and emphasized the hypothyroid victims basic humanity.. Twice-exceptional students represent a unique group of learners with diverse programming and emotional needs due to the fact that they may have both gifts and disabilities.. Most seizures last from 30 seconds to two minutes. Background: Down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 in an individuals cell nuclei. As language, perceptions and social mores change rapidly, it is becoming increasingly difficult for journalists and other communicators to figure out how to refer to people with disabilities. AP style: The stylebook recommends using partial hearing loss or partially deaf for those who have some hearing loss. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using cripple as either a noun or verb unless you are describing the crip movement or if its in a direct quote. A seizure that lasts longer than five minutes is a medical emergency. Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center says, The basic reason behind members of (some disability) groups dislike for the application of people-first language to themselves is that they consider their disabilities to be inseparable parts of who they are. For example, they prefer to be referred to as autistic, blind or disabled.. Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. When they are alone, when they congregate, they do not feel lacking in anything. Inability to speak louder than a whisper or speaking too loudly. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. NCDJ Recommendation: Use nonspeaking unless the individual indicates another preference. Individuals with learning disabilities have average or above average intelligence, and the term does not include a learning problem that is primarily the result of another cause, such as intellectual disabilities or lack of educational opportunity., NCDJ Recommendation: Use learning disability when youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Be cautious about calling someone an ableist just as you would be cautious about calling someone a racist or a sexist. Some people have a physical characteristic that is not a result of an amputation. People with OCD usually exhibit both obsessions and compulsions but sometimes exhibit only one or the other. WebInclude plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in their diet. For example, if I say that I am hearing-impaired, people may get the impression that Im incapable of something. Less than one percent of the general population has schizophrenia, and it is treated mostly through the use of pharmaceutical drugs. Background:American Sign Language is a complete language that utilizes signs made by moving the hands combined with facial expressions and postures of the body, according to the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Jon Henner, an assistant professor at University of North Carolina at Greensboro, who is Deaf, describes himself as a crip linguist., While some activists have embraced the word, adopting hashtags such as #criplit and #cripthevote, others are very much against its use. Background: Ableism refers to discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities. The term dyslexic is used by some organizations as a noun and as an adjective in a non-pejorative way; however, using the word as a noun (describing a person as a dyslexic) appears to be falling out of use. They may include: Slurred speech. Some of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia. Background: The World Health Organization recommends avoiding language that sensationalizes or normalizes suicide or presents it as a solution to problems. According to the National Institute on Aging, other dementias include Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal disorders and vascular dementia. The technique was originally developed to help those with significant developmental disabilities, such as some forms of autism and cerebral palsy. AP style: The stylebook says birth defect is acceptable in broad references, such as lessening the chances of birth defects. Specific disorders should be used and the source of the diagnosis identified whenever possible. Those in Deaf culture have never seen themselves as disabled. Some people with ADHD prefer to say they have the condition; others prefer to say they are ADHD. Avoid use of Seeing Eye dog as Seeing Eye is a registered trademark of The Seeing Eye school in Morristown, N.J. Be aware that licensure and/or certification of service animals is a contentious issue in the disability community, so it may be best to refer to the federal definition. The American Psychiatric Society offers details about the condition, which often is diagnosed in children, and more commonly diagnosed among boys than girls. Background: Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Psychoanalyst: A specific type of psychotherapist trained to work with both an individuals unconscious and unconscious mind. Some people with mild to moderate hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer to be referred to as deaf instead of hard of hearing. Alternatively, some who are profoundly deaf may prefer the term hard of hearing.. Common usages include cancer survivor, burn survivor, brain injury survivor or stroke survivor. However, the terms are disliked by some because they imply that those who die simply did not fight hard enough. Background: Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1935 by Bill W. and Dr. Bob S. in Akron, Ohio, according to the AA General Service Office. The term high-functioning autism is widely used but is not a medical diagnosis, and many consider it offensive. AA is a fellowship of men and women who share their experience, strength and hope with each other that they may solve their common problem and help others to recover from alcoholism, according to the groups preamble. Background: Diversability is a term coined by Tiffany Yu, a disability rights advocate. Epilepsy is most commonly treated with medication but treatment also can include use of medical devices, surgery, diet and emerging therapy methods. WebAlcohol is widely known to cause slurred speech because it slows down how the brain communicates with the body. Background: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, a genetic disorder is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. NCDJ Recommendation: Behavioral health hospital or psychiatric hospital are the preferred terms to describe medical facilities specifically devoted to treating people with mental health conditions. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having PTSD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Be cautious when using the term abnormal behavior. Explain what it means in the context in which it is being used. Manifestations may include stuttering, articulation errors or an inability to move the tongue (commonly referred to as tongue-tied). NCDJ Recommendation: The word stuttering is preferred over stammering. While people-first language is generally preferred (a person who stutters), some individuals may prefer stutterer. When possible, ask. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. Other visual disabilities include reduced sight in conditions such as bright light or darkness and distortions of the visual field. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. Writing about disability is complicated and requires sensitivity a must for any form of journalism that involves people. Background: These terms refer to a variety of ways that people communicate without speaking. It is more accurate to cite the specific disability or disabilities in question. However, this term is not widely used. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid language that may legitimize facilitated communication. Background: The majority of people with disabilities have chronic conditions that are invisible or hidden. Background: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not call someone disfigured as it is considered derogatory. Use of the word dwarf is considered acceptable when referring to the genetic condition, but it is often considered offensive when used in a non-medical sense. This condition happens when children slur their words To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. Some organizations suggest avoiding the terms demented, dementing, dements, senile or senility to refer to someone with dementia. The medical profession favors use of the terms mental disorder or psychopathology. In U.S. criminal law, insanity is a legal question, not a medical one. The term special education is still widely used when referring to public school programs, although some government entities use titles like exceptional student services.. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to an individual as a paraplegic. It is not interchangeable with American sign language; in fact, its not sign language at all. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability. NCDJ Recommendation: These phrases are coming into wider use and often are preferable to the alternatives. Medically assisted suicide is permitted in some states and countries. ear infection. The discussion can be found here. Legally blind is a broad term for various eye conditions but generally refers to someone whose visual acuity is 20/200 or less even with corrective glasses or contact lenses. States and countries disliked by some because they imply that those who have some hearing loss the. 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