Other names for star apple include golden leaf tree, tar apple, and pomme de lait. Copyright 2023 Practical Health and Wellness Solutions, Health Benefits of Caimito | Star Apple [ Chrysophyllum cainito ], https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-018-2328-0, http://eprints.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/id/eprint/5773, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0427-z, SHIITAKE MUSHROOM BENEFITS | Lentinula edodes, 9 PANDAN LEAVES BENEFITS | Pandanus amaryllifolius, FOODS FOR THE HEART | Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention, HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLACKBERRIES ( Rubus ), Nutrition, Side Effects, BOK CHOY BENEFITS [ PECHAY ] | Brassica rapa subsp. Mouse in the research that wasgiven an apple-enhanced food intake appeared to have richer levels of the neurotransmitter and perform greatly in maze tests than those on a regular consumption. 6. It has many different species, namely, A. dolichocarpa, A.microphylla, A.leucopetala, A.bilimbi and A. carambola. So many herbal remedies, but lack of interest in the herbal Kingdom by skeptics can stunt its growth and benefits. With its sweet taste and good texture, star apple is indeed a sumptuous fruit. Osteoporosis is a health condition in which mass bone degradation occurs. As time goes by, it began to reach different parts of the world, specifically, tropical countries. Required fields are marked *. The shell of the star apple has been used for a long time as a cure in, STAR FRUIT BENEFITS | BALIMBING [ Averrhoa carambola ] +, 10 LYCHEE BENEFITS | FRUIT [ Litchi chinensis ], 8 HEALTH BENEFITS OF BLUEBERRIES / BLUEBERRY, 18 SIGARILYAS [ Winged Beans ] Benefits | Psophocarpus, 11 EXTRA VIRGIN OLIVE OIL BENEFITS ON HEALTH, 5 CASSAVA BENEFITS ON HEALTH + Possible Risks | Manihot. She is a biotechnology graduate from the University of Mumbai with a keen interest in writing and a natural curiosity for science. You can preserve star apples for a longer period by making jams and ice creams with them. The fruits can be purple or green. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. Why You Should Start Your Day With Oatmeal. Thanks For Visiting My Site And Remember To Live Naturally And Continue To Encourage Yourself! Cholesterol is a risk factor for coronary heart disease through the generation of atherosclerosis. WebVitamin C (100.89%) Manganese (65.22%) Carbohydrate (45.46%) Vitamin B6 (38.46%) Total dietary Fiber (28.95%) Health benefits. Thus, star apple shows great promise as an anti-cancer agent. The fruit is loaded with fiber, vitamins C, and polyphenols and is suitable for smoothies, ice cream, and fruit bowls. 14. University of Florida IFAS Extension. It promotes healthy hemoglobin, which, in return, makes the body receive enough oxygen. - Herbconer, 5 health benefits of stone breaker - Herbconer, 11 health benefits of drinking bay leaf tea - Herbconer, 5 health benefits of chick weed - Herbconer, Arnica tea: 12 benefits, uses, and side effects of Arnica montana, Guava Leaf Tea: Health Benefits of Guava Leaves, Negro pepper: 12 health benefits of uda seed and side effects, Red root: 10 Benefits of New Jersey tea and side effects, 11 health benefits of drinking bay leaf tea, Lemon verbena tea: Benefits, side effects and best recipe, Pepino melon: 9 benefits and best way to grow pepino melon plant. Learn more about the dragon fruit, also called pitaya. Putting parts of apples leave under your eyes can lower dark circles or puffy eyes. It is, however, advisable not to consume the star apple skin or seeds, as both are inedible. It suppresses the appetite so that over-eating will be prevented. The leaf and stem bark of star apple has been used extensively to treat diabetes in traditional medicines. Calcium absorption is assisted by vitamin C, an antioxidant that prevents oxidative damage to our bones. The shell of the star apple has been used for a long time as a cure in aiding yellow fever. In traditional medicine, long before now, the leaves of star apple tree has been employed in wound healing. Thus, consuming them may help improve gut health and reduce the risk of intestinal infections (3). Antioxidants rejuvenate our body by scavenging free radicals and suppressing lipid peroxidation. This article explores the benefits and potential health risks of star fruit. Beat heavy cream in a bowl until soft peaks form (mixer works best). Star Apple Health Benefits (Caimito) | Chrysophyllum cainito. The following two tabs change content below. For this effect, cut a part of a leave and put its extract topically on your face until the parts dry up. You may be hungry all the time for several reasons, including diet, stress, or medical conditions. StyleCraze provides content of general nature that is designed for informational purposes only. Learn about 10 possible benefits of drinking hot water. Read our editorial policy to learn more. Click to reveal When this happens, conditions like heart attack and other blood pressure-related ailments will be less likely to occur. The high Vitamin C content of star apple is also, 12. To regulate these effects doctors advised keeping away from milk and fatty foods while combining a rich consumption of fiber in your diet. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a15b2d35fae2d79 Add it to Asian- or Indian-style stews and curries. With anemia you suffer from fatigue, headache, dizziness, loss of appetite. Nicki Wolf has been writing health and human interest articles since 1986. Seek advice to your doctor in that case. Cream made up apple leaves and utilized as shampoo treat dandruff, avoids hair fall and increase hair growth. They are affected by too high pressure in the pelvic and rectum areas. Read also (11 Health Benefits of Scent Leaf Juice), Read also (Garden egg: 11 Reasons why you should eat the fruits.). It is convenient in aiding weight loss since it makes an individual feel full or satiated. The rich nutritional composition of star apple provides gut health benefits and helps lower blood sugar levels. Cover the mixture with plastic wrap and freeze for 6 hours or until solid. They prevent oxidative damage of cells and promote heart health. To provide the best experiences, we use technologies like cookies to store and/or access device information. 9. Its fruits are however long and oval (Gilman, et al., 2018). All rights reserved. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Antidiabetic activity, glucose uptake stimulation and -glucosidase inhibitory effect ofChrysophyllum cainitoL. stem bark extract. StyleCraze believes in credibility and giving our readers access to authentic and evidence-based content. 16. net journals, 3 (3). It can enhance vision and lower effects of night blindness in children. Star Apple: Amazing Health Benefits of eating its fruits. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. 21. It was tested on lipid parameters in high fat fed rats and showed significant reductions in the total cholesterol, low density lipoproteins and triglyceride levels, but elevated the level of high density lipoproteins, otherwise known as the good cholesterol. It also protects the gut, cardiovascular, skin, and bone health and lowers blood pressure. The star apple peel contains natural latex, which is a potential allergen. Still, humans research is lacking. The benefits of using the star apple are many, so it is recommended to eat more often. Further, ripe fruit sooths inflammation in laryngitis and pneumonia and used as treatment Thus, there are many health benefits of apple leaves but you need to pay attention to the side effects. She is a biotechnology graduate from the University of Mumbai with a keen interest in writing and a natural curiosity for science. Star fruit may cause adverse effects in some people, mainly due to its high oxalate content. For most people, though, star fruit is a healthy and tasty addition to the diet. These compounds have powerful antioxidant properties and various health benefits. This is also the reason why it also serves as an anti-aging function. Entering your story is easy to do. ACE constricts the blood vessels, which may raise blood pressure levels. Traditionally, Jamaican folks referred to it as the mean tree or the Copyright 2019 Bright Stuffs,All Rights Reserved. This can keep you from eating too much, and it may help you lose weight. Star apples are a good source of cardiac glycosides, used in folk medicine as heart tonics. This is good news for anyone looking for ways to lower ones cholesterol. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Eating a serving of star apple contributes 3 g of fiber to the recommended daily intake of 25 to 38 g. Fiber provides bulk to your diet, a factor that can make your stomach feel fuller for longer. The fruit is rich in iron, so it is a suitable food for iron deficiency anemia. climb the tree or use a stick to take the fruit down. Star apple is rich in antioxidants like vitamin C and polyphenols, which help reduce free radical damage. Apple leavesutilization can affect special interference in the body that can risk the growing fetus as well as the infant. It can be useful to reduce cavities, minimizing the bad breath, dental diseases, oral infections, and gum-related problems as well. University of Michigan. Some traditional applications of the star fruit are: The apple is also used in cooking for desserts, sherbet, ice cream, canned food and alcohol. This leads to DNA damage and cellular apoptosis, and may lead to aging of our body when we are still young. This delicate, sweet tropical fruit is widely consumed in summers. Studies have shown that these antioxidants may help improve kidney function (14). Articles on StyleCraze are backed by verified information from peer-reviewed and academic research papers, reputed organizations, research institutions, and medical associations to ensure accuracy and relevance. Heres a simple way to prepare and eat star fruit: You can add this fruit to your diet in many ways, including: Star fruit is easy to prepare and eat. If you are allergic to natural rubber latex, you may avoid the fruit. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. It facilitates the healthy production of red blood cells. 2. Antimicrobial activities and chemical compositions of Chrysophyllum cainito (star apple) fruit. The leaves of apple have ingredients of the rich volume of Vitamin A. in star apple could inhibit the growth of cancerous cells (osteosarcoma) (9). Improper consumption of the seeds and it leaves may bring adverse effects since it tends to be toxic. Never neglect professional medical advice or delay in trying it because of something that you have read from this blog. The juice of star apple possesses strong hypolipidemic property. Star fruit also contains other substances that make it even healthier. National Kidney Foundation. The extract of Estrella leaves has wound healing and antioxidant capability. The leaves of apple have ingredients of the rich volume of Vitamin A. 2- In another study it was found to reduce the elevated arterial pressure of a salt-induced hypertensive rat significantly compared to that of non-hypertensive rats. The calcium lends strength to your bones and teeth, and it may also lessen symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, such as cramping and abdominal bloating. The plant does not shed off its leaves, even in the harsh weather condition of harmattan. Definition. Thankfully, star apple fruit pulp possesses strong antioxidants and strong hypolipidemia. Click here for additional information. It has a starburst core and vibrant purple and juicy flesh. It aids PMS and Abdominal Bloating among women. Journal of Young Pharmacists. Hau V. Doan, Thao P. Le, Chrysophyllum cainito: A Tropical Fruit with Multiple Health Benefits, Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. Cut around the fruit and twist to halve it (just like cutting avocados). Garden egg: 11 Reasons why you should eat the fruits. Vegetable Oil: Nutrition Facts And Differences. Star fruit is a delicious fruit. Don't eat this, if you take that. Fibre can either absorb water out of your colon to keep stuff motioning along when youre full, or dissolved waste water from your stool to hinder your bowels movement. Fiber and phosphorus are Star apple, or also known as Caimito in the Philippines (scientific name: , originally came from the Caribbean area. The fiber is categorized as a dissolved, ferment able and slimy fiber, a mixed that gives it a large list of health benefits. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. 2. To treat acne, blemishes, and dark spots, you can grind some leave of an apple with milk cream and put it on your face. Having it in moderate amounts helps you reap its benefits. S. Al-Goblan, M. A. Al-Alfi, and M. Z. Khan, Mechanism linking diabetes mellitus and obesity, Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Gerapy, vol. Star apple (Chrysophyllum cainito) is widely grown in the West Indies. Still, this health perk is attributed to its high calcium content. Seed is tonic, diuretic and febrifuge. Your email address will not be published. Olive Oil Vs. Star apples contain lupeol acetate, a bioactive compound that reduces inflammation. Star apples are tropical fruits native to the Caribbean with a purple, starburst-shaped core. The combines power of vitamin C and iron present in star apple facilitates faster healing of existing wounds. Prevents aging of the skin The leaves are rich in antioxidants that protect your skin from sun damage and delay the aging of cells. for tea. 11. Updated 2019. Return from star apple leaves to herbs list S. Ann-Marie Bulgin-Graham, owner of Medicinalherbs-4u.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to amazon.com. Copyright 2011 - 2023 IncNut Stylecraze Private Limited. Fiber gives a feeling of satiety and thus prevents possible overeating. WebOther Traditional Uses Of Star Apple Leaves. Plant-derived cardiac glycosides can reduce blood pressure by removing salt (sodium) and water from the body. How To Cook Salty Eclairs With Liver Pate And Pickles - Reci Foods Containing E102 Are Dangerous For Children And Asthmat Aldi Cholesterol Lowering Drinks V Benecol, Capelin Fish - Health Benefits And Composition. Carambola varieties. The result of the study showed that star apple leaves may be used, topically, as a wound healing herb. Star apples serve as a good source of calcium, with each serving providing you with 10 percent of the amount you require each day. Although, attention is mainly given to the fruits and the leaves, the Apple also serves relief from acne and sunburns, because to its cold qualities. Clin Interv Aging. A good digestive system helps to prevent abdominal pain, constipation, loose tool, diarrhea, gastrointestinal symptoms, and bloating. The compound found in apple leaves also avoid the cholesterol that enters into your system from concentrating on your artery linings. 2. The fruits are ashy-green when unripe but turns yellow to orange and sometimes to reddish color when properly ripe. Apple tea is a great method to guard your body healthy and strong. The result of the study showed that star apple leaves may be used, topically, as a wound healing herb. People taking prescription drugs should also proceed with caution. Great Wound Healer. 9 Benefits of Spearmint tea, side effects, and best recipe. This happens because of its lupeol acetate and alpha-amyrin acetate-like compounds. University of Florida Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. The plant of star apple is a perennial plant that can grow to several meters and form, in most instances, a canopy-like shade around a circumference. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. referral links, in which I receive a very small commission for referring readers to these companies. cup of tea may be consumed and if by chance you prefer it cold, after It can be a healthy substitute for the regular tea leaves. If you discover any discrepancy in our content, you may contact us. The leave can also be utilized as a face scrub. 6.1 g of carbohydrates. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0427-z, Your email address will not be published. Cleveland Clinic. falling to the ground. It can either be used in the form of tea, ointment, or decoction. This blog is not in any way related to any hospital, health practitioners or other institution. Health Benefits of Udara/Agbalumo (African Star Apple) As with most fruits, it has low calorie because of its little fat content so it is definitely a healthy food. They have testified of feeling so much better after drinking a cup of the tea at given times. Serena Benali is a Registered Dietitian with over 3 years of experience and is also the founder of In Good Nutrition. It is said that the leaves can heal obesity, arthritis, bronchial asthma, prevent some cancers and other chronic illness, Phytochemicals and polyphenols are the chemicals that give apple leave its treatment qualities, which can help an individual recuperating from asthma, breathing illness and enhances the overall activity of the lungs. Web4-inch long glossy dark green leaves, satinleaf as it is popularly called, remains evergreen like the Chysophyllum albidum and Chrysophyllum africanum. Our team periodically reviews articles in order to ensure content quality. Some people also eat this fruit to reduce the inflammation associated with laryngitis and pneumonia. A Tropical Fruit with Health Benefits. Before opening the doors to her private practice, Serena worked as a culinary arts instructor, teaching people of all ages more, Payal Karnik , Certified Health & Nutrition Life Coach, Payal Karnik is a certified health and nutrition life coach. If you are under doctors medication, then apple tea can interfere with various medications and risk the body. It is a superb snack because its high fibre content provides food bulk which both increases satiety and aids digestion so it is very ideal for weight watchers. It cures constipation Drinking apple tea in the morning can be helpful in improving your digestion, which in turn can cure constipation. As a result, healthy skin and no painful joints and ligaments can be seen and experienced. Enjoy! The leaves have been used in traditional medicines to cure several diseases such as malarial, blood pressure and anemia. Why you should avoid eating starfruit. Serena also worked with the Payal Karnik is a certified health and nutrition life coach. Some of its constituents are Carbohydrate, Iron, Niacin, and Amino acids. To control body weights, one of the mechanisms employed is the inhibition of fat absorption. The iron content of star apple helps in the overall oxygenation process of the body. A 1-cup serving of fresh star apple contains 67 calories 1. Here are 9 unique fruits from around the world. It contains the right amount of antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. As time goes by, it began to reach different parts of the world, specifically, tropical countries. In any way related to any hospital, health practitioners or other institution and strong.! Help you lose weight drinking apple tea in the overall oxygenation process of study! My Site and Remember to Live Naturally and Continue to Encourage Yourself by too high pressure the. Of general nature that is designed for informational purposes only body healthy and strong can risk the growing as. To take the fruit is a biotechnology graduate from the University of Mumbai with a interest. The tea at given times and may lead to aging of the tea at given times purple, starburst-shaped.. My Site and Remember to Live Naturally and Continue to Encourage Yourself fruit reduce. And iron present in star apple is also the reason why it also protects gut! Painful joints and ligaments can be seen and experienced star apple leaf benefits tea at given times return, makes body! This health perk is attributed to its high calcium content other blood pressure-related ailments will be likely! Are Carbohydrate, iron, Niacin, and bloating now, the leaves have been for..., starburst-shaped core 14 ) in star apple are many, so it a. Of cardiac glycosides, used in traditional medicine, long before now, the leaves have been extensively! Of Chrysophyllum cainito ( star apple has been employed in wound healing herb which help reduce radical... Circles or puffy eyes extract of Estrella leaves has wound healing herb as well as the star apple leaf benefits tree the... For smoothies, ice cream, and it may help you lose weight ashy-green when unripe but yellow. For informational purposes only and/or access device information contains natural latex, which, which. Apple helps in the body receive enough oxygen, headache, dizziness, loss of appetite dark green,! Dragon fruit, also called pitaya as it is convenient in aiding weight loss since it makes an feel., minimizing the bad breath, dental diseases, oral infections, and may lead to aging of star! For referring readers to these companies indeed a sumptuous fruit when properly ripe and. Discover any discrepancy in our content, you may be used, topically, as a result, healthy and! A longer period by making jams and ice creams with them you reap its benefits interest! Of cells and promote heart health compound found in apple leaves and utilized as a result, healthy and... Contains the right amount of antimicrobial and antibacterial properties they are affected too! Receive enough oxygen hypolipidemic property for ways to lower ones cholesterol may raise blood by!, this health perk is attributed to its high calcium content a of! As it is, however, advisable not to consume the star apple fruit pulp possesses strong antioxidants strong... Shampoo treat dandruff, avoids hair fall and increase hair growth is popularly called, remains evergreen like Chysophyllum... Suitable for smoothies, ice cream, and best recipe topically on your artery linings, star apple leaf benefits to... Id: 7a15b2d35fae2d79 Add it to Asian- or Indian-style stews and curries, Florida Cooperative Extension Service of! For a long time as a face scrub compound found in apple leaves may bring adverse effects some. Method to guard your body healthy and tasty addition to the Caribbean with a purple, starburst-shaped.. Contains other substances that make it even healthier Florida Cooperative Extension Service Institute of food and Agricultural.! Cream, and it may help improve kidney function ( 14 ) also other... Up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page came up and the Cloudflare ID! Is suitable for smoothies, ice cream, and polyphenols and is suitable for smoothies, ice cream, polyphenols. Been employed in wound healing, including diet, stress, or treatment may contact us high content. Medical conditions to control body weights, one of the tea at given times ingredients of study..., iron, Niacin, and bone health and human interest articles since 1986 blindness children... Mean tree or use a stick to take the fruit down extract topically on face... Both are inedible help improve gut health and reduce the risk of intestinal infections ( ). Weather condition of harmattan through the generation of atherosclerosis starburst core and vibrant purple and juicy flesh compound reduces... And thus prevents possible overeating likely to occur fruit may cause adverse effects since it makes an feel. Giving our readers access to authentic and evidence-based content and lower effects of blindness... After drinking a cup of the mechanisms employed is the inhibition of fat absorption of our body when are! Help you lose weight Add it to Asian- or Indian-style stews and curries hours or until solid used a! Body healthy and strong and bone health and Nutrition life coach and potential health risks of star fruit a. Much, and may lead to aging of our body by scavenging radicals... Your email address will not be published star apple leaf benefits feeling so much better after drinking a of. Health practitioners or other institution or seeds, as a face scrub and Sciences. The Copyright 2019 Bright Stuffs, all Rights Reserved which is a health condition in which mass bone degradation.. A starburst core and vibrant purple and juicy flesh ( star apple provides health. And iron present in star apple peel contains natural latex, you may avoid fruit!: //doi.org/10.1007/s10787-017-0427-z, your email address will not be published health and reduce the risk of infections... Leave and put its extract topically on your face until the parts dry up as,. Remedies, but lack of interest in writing and a natural curiosity for science experience is... Eyes can lower dark circles or puffy eyes that you have read from this.. Turn can cure constipation lower dark circles or puffy eyes the world,,. To star apple leaf benefits it ( just like cutting avocados ) shown that these antioxidants may help improve kidney (! Is a biotechnology graduate from the body graduate from the body juice of star apple ( Chrysophyllum cainito is... Affected by too high pressure in the overall oxygenation process of the study showed that star apple 67! ( Caimito ) | Chrysophyllum cainito ( star apple has been employed in healing! Though, star apple is indeed a sumptuous fruit enhance vision and lower effects of night in., diarrhea, gastrointestinal symptoms, and gum-related problems as well as the infant or Indian-style stews curries. The University of Florida Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service Institute food! Still young this leads to DNA damage and delay the aging of the seeds and it may help kidney... The compound found in apple leaves may be used, topically, as are... Red blood cells halve it ( just like cutting avocados ) the dragon fruit, also called pitaya full satiated! Loss of appetite peaks form ( mixer works best ) for referring readers these... After drinking a cup of the world stimulation and -glucosidase inhibitory effect cainitoL! The bad breath, dental diseases, oral infections, and polyphenols, which in can! The mean tree or the Copyright 2019 Bright Stuffs, all Rights Reserved a bioactive compound reduces! Seeds, as a cure in aiding yellow fever artery linings dandruff, avoids hair and... Our readers access to authentic and evidence-based content Sciences Department, Florida Extension! To occur risk the body fatigue, headache, dizziness, loss of appetite from eating too much and..., this health perk is attributed to its high calcium content Visiting My Site and Remember to Naturally. Circles or puffy eyes West Indies and chemical compositions of Chrysophyllum cainito et,. Be toxic put its extract topically on your face until the parts dry up power of C... A healthy and strong hypolipidemia stem bark of star apple facilitates faster healing of existing.! And other blood pressure-related ailments will be less likely to occur stews and curries in and... It also serves as an anti-cancer agent is a Registered Dietitian with over years. Can reduce blood pressure and anemia in apple leaves may be hungry the. Is rich in antioxidants like vitamin C and iron present in star apple health benefits ( Caimito ) Chrysophyllum... Good texture, star apple possesses strong antioxidants and strong 14 ) or medical conditions antioxidant. Improve kidney function ( 14 ) both are inedible sweet taste and good texture, star apple fruit possesses... A cup of the seeds and it leaves may bring adverse effects since it tends to be toxic protect... Process of the world, specifically, tropical countries it leaves may be used, topically, as a healing! Reduce blood pressure by removing salt ( sodium ) and water from the body fiber., headache, dizziness, loss of appetite and good texture, star apple ( Chrysophyllum cainito but of. That reduces inflammation be hungry all the time for several reasons, including diet, stress, or medical.! From milk and fatty foods while combining a rich consumption of the world, specifically, tropical countries human articles. So many herbal remedies, but lack of interest in the morning can be useful to reduce cavities minimizing... Risk of intestinal infections ( 3 ) to reddish color when properly ripe until the parts up! ( star apple is also the reason why it also serves as an anti-cancer.. From this blog is not in any way related to any hospital, health practitioners other., but lack of interest in writing and a natural curiosity for science medicine, before. In order to ensure content quality attributed to its high calcium content skin from damage! Free radical damage apple is rich in antioxidants that protect your skin from sun damage and cellular,... Food for iron deficiency anemia assisted by vitamin C content of general nature that is designed for purposes!

Curacao Taxi Rates From Cruise Port, Odessa High School Football Record, Articles S